ECJ clears the way for collective actions for data protection violations

Following a request for a preliminary ruling by the Federal Court of Justice, the European Court of Justice has ruled that, contrary to the previous legal position, actions brought by associations against data protection violations are also admissible if a violation of the rights of specific individuals has not been established and there is no corresponding order to bring an action before a civil court by injured individuals.

Corporate transactions in the SME sector – insurmountable hurdle or manageable challenge? Part 4: Completing the transaction and integrating the target company into the acquirer’s existing structures

Once the purchase agreement has been signed and the previous phases of the process have been successfully completed, a significant part of the transaction process has been accomplished, but the overall process is not yet complete. Once the purchase agreement has been signed, the “closing” phase and the “integration of the target company into the existing structures of the acquirer” begin.